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# Heddle Lab

Centre for Programmable Biological Matter

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://heddlelab.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Latest Posts](https://heddlelab.org/blog/)
- [CPBM at Astbury Conversation 2026](https://heddlelab.org/cpbm-at-astbury-conversation-2026/) - Earlier this year, members of the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter attended the annual Astbury Conversation conference in Leeds. Dr. Ting-Yu Lin and Prof Jonathan Heddle attended, alongside 2nd year CPBM PhD student Will Hall, who was awarded a travel grant from the Astbury Conversation organisers to attend this year's conference. Will presented his research
- [CPBM PhDs Present and Win at Biosciences Postgraduate Conference 2026](https://heddlelab.org/cpbm-phds-present-and-win-at-biosciences-postgraduate-conference-2026/) - At this year's Department of Biosciences Postgraduate Conference and Away Day, the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter was well-represented, from posters to session chairs to research talks. CPBM post-doctoral research associate Dr Olivia Gittins delivered a talk on her research into using time-resolved cryo-EM to further our understanding of DNA gyrases. Sessions at the conference
- [Prof Jonathan Heddle visits universities across Japan](https://heddlelab.org/prof-jonathan-heddle-visits-universities-across-japan/) - In his recent trip to Japan, CPBM Director Prof Jonathan Heddle visited colleagues across several universities, to share ideas, opportunities for collaboration and the research taking place at the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter and Durham University. Over the course of the 7-day visit, Prof Heddle was hosted by researchers at Science Tokyo KEIO, Waseda
- [Bionano 2026](https://heddlelab.org/bionano-2026/) - Bionano Bionano 2026 #
- [Durham Scientists Define the Toolkit for Building the Next Generation of Biological Nanomachines](https://heddlelab.org/durham-scientists-define-the-toolkit-for-building-the-next-generation-of-biological-nanomachines/) - A new review article published in ACS Nano by a research team at the Durham’s Centre for Programmable Biological matter (CPBM) maps the rapidly advancing toolkit that could help scientists design and build artificial biological nanostructures — tiny systems made from the same kinds of molecules that constitute life itself. The review, “Tools For Building
- [2020](https://heddlelab.org/2020-2/) - Stupka I, Heddle JG. Artificial protein cages - inspiration, construction, and observation. In: Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2020PDF download Majsterkiewicz K, Azuma Y, Heddle JG. Connectability of protein cages. In: Nanoscale Adv. 2020 PDF download Piette BMAG, Heddle JG. A Peptide-Nucleic Acid Replicator Origin for Life. In: Trends Ecol Evol. 2020 PDF download Chakraborti S,
- [2019](https://heddlelab.org/2019-2/) - Chakraborti. S., Korpi, A., Kumar, M., Stępień, P., Kostiainen, M. A., Heddle, J.G.* (2019) A three-dimensional protein cage array capable of active enzyme capture and artificial chaperone activityIn: Nano LettersPDF download Malay, A. D.; Miyazaki, N.; Biela, A.; Chakraborti, S.; Majsterkiewicz, K.; Stupka, I.; Kaplan, C. S.; Kowalczyk, A.; Piette, B. M. A. G.; Hochberg,
- [2018](https://heddlelab.org/2018-2/) - Sakai, Y., Islam, M. S., Adamiak, M., Shiu, S.C.-C., Tanner, J. A., Heddle, J. G., (2018) DNA Aptamers for the Functionalisation of DNA Origami Nanostructures, In: Genes PDF download Shiu, S.C.-C., Kinghorn, A.B., Sakai, Y., Cheung, Y-W., Heddle, J.G., Tanner, J.A. (2018) The Three S’s for Aptamer‐Mediated Control of DNA Nanostructure Dynamics: Shape, Self‐Complementarity, and
- [2017](https://heddlelab.org/2017-2/) - Zaucha, J. & Heddle, J. G. (2017) Resurrecting the Dead (Molecules). In: Comp. Struc. Biotech. J. PDF download Heddle, J. G. (2017) TRAPped Structures: Making Artificial Cages with a Ring Protein In: Advances in Bioinspired and Biomedical MaterialsPDF download Heddle, J. G., Chakraborti, S., Iwasaki, K. (2017) Natural and Artificial Protein Cages: Design, Structure and Therapeutic
- [2016](https://heddlelab.org/2016-2/) - Nagano, S.; Banwell, E. F.; Iwasaki, K.; Michalak, M.; Pałka, R.; Zhang, K. Y. J.; Voet, A. R. D.; Heddle, J. G. (2016) Understanding the Assembly of an Artificial Protein Nanotube In: Adv. Mater. Interfaces PDF download Godonoga, M., Lin, T.-Y., Oshima, A., Sumitomo, K., Tang, M. S. L., Cheung, Y.-W., Kinghorn, A. B., Dirkzwager,
- [2015](https://heddlelab.org/2015-2/) - Nagano, S., Seki, E., Lin, T-Y., Shirouzu, M., Yokoyama, S., Heddle, J. G. (2015) Investigating the roles of the C-terminal domain of Plasmodium falciparum GyrA. In: PLOS ONEPDF download Lin, T.-Y., Nagano, S. & Gardiner Heddle, J. (2015). Functional Analyses of the Toxoplasma gondii DNA Gyrase Holoenzyme: A Janus Topoisomerase with Supercoiling and Decatenation Abilities.In:
- [2024](https://heddlelab.org/2024-2/) - Norbert Osiński, Karolina Majsterkiewicz, Zuzanna Pakosz-Stępień, Yusuke Azuma, Artur P. Biela, Szymon Gaweł, Jonathan G. Heddle. Designed, Programmable Protein Cages Utilizing Diverse Metal Coordination Geometries Show Reversible, pH-Dependent Assembly.In: Marcomolecular Rapid Communications. 2024PDF download Michalczyk, E., Pakosz-Stępień, Z., Liston, J., Ghilarov, D., Gittins, O., Pabis, M., Heddle, J., Ghilarov, D. Structural basis of chiral wrap and T-segment capture by Escherichia coli
- [2022](https://heddlelab.org/2022-2/) - Sharma M, Biela AP, Kowalczyk A, Borzęcka-Solarz K, Piette BMAG, Gaweł S, Bishop J, Kukura P, Benesch JLP, Imamura M, Scheuring S, Heddle JG. Shape-Morphing of an Artificial Protein Cage with Unusual Geometry Induced by a Single Amino Acid Change. In: ACS Nanosci Au. 2022 PDF download Sakai Y, Wilkens GD, Wolski K, Zapotoczny S,
- [2021](https://heddlelab.org/2021-2/) - Naskalska, A., Borzęcka-Solarz, K., Różycki, J., Stupka, I., Bochenek, M., Pyza, E., Heddle, J. G.* (2021). Artificial Protein Cage Delivers Active Protein Cargos to the Cell Interior. In: BiomacromoleculesPDF download Kumar, M., Markiewicz-Mizera, J., Olmos, J. D. J., Wilk, P., Grudnik, P., Biela, A. P., Jemioła-Rzemińska, M., Górecki, A., Chakraborti, S., Heddle, J. G.* (2021). A
- [Biomeccano Protein Design Competition 2026](https://heddlelab.org/biomeccano-protein-design-competition-2026/) - The Centre for Programmable Biological Matter is proud to be hosting the first ever Biomeccano Protein Design Competition this summer. Aimed at PhD students studying in the Department of Biosciences at Durham University with an interest in biochemistry and computational design, the competition provides a unique learning opportunity. The Biomeccano Protein Design Competition will run for 16 weeks throughout Summer 2026, giving every student involved access
- [Platinum Certification for CPBM from My Green Lab](https://heddlelab.org/platinum-certification-for-cpbm-from-my-green-lab/) - Everyone at the CPBM is very pleased to share that we have been awarded a platinum certification from My Green Lab for our efforts to be as sustainable as possible! My Green Lab is the industry’s most widely recognized lab sustainability certification program, and platinum is the second-highest degree of certification. My Green Lab measures sustainability for labs across 14 different categories, taking
- [2026](https://heddlelab.org/2026-2/) - Stone, Y., Morgan, E., Su, YH., Kuo, CY., Lin, TY. The impact of pseudouridine modification on human tRNAIn: Biochemical Society Transactions. 2026. PDF download Knight, G., Heddle, J,. Bentham., AR. How to frustrate a plant pathogen In: The Plant Journal. 2026.PDF download Bradford, TS., Hutchings, S., Liston, JD., Pakosz-Stępień, Z., Sanderson, A., Shaukat, A., Bentham,
- [CPBM at RNA UK Conference](https://heddlelab.org/cpbm-at-rna-uk-conference/) - Earlier this year, the group of researchers at the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter working on RNA attended the annual RNA UK conference hosted in Windermere. Dr. Ting-Yu Lin delivered a fantastic talk on the context-dependent effects of pseudouridylation on tRNA structural integrity and stability. CPBM PhD students Yasmin and Ethan, and our visiting student
- [CPBM at School Science Festival](https://heddlelab.org/cpbm-at-school-science-festival/) - Events 2026 Heddle Lab #ScienceFestival #DurhamUniversity CPBM at School Science Festival #CentreforProgrammableBiologicalMatter
- [](https://heddlelab.org/current-opportunities/)
- [CPBM at the Celebrate Science Festival!](https://heddlelab.org/cpbm-at-the-celebrate-science-festival/) - During the October half-term, CPBM had the privilege of taking part in the annual Celebrate Science Festival, at Locomotion in Shildon.Aiming to inspire the curious minds of children, our team hosted a special section on the work of CPBM that featured immersive virtual reality experiences, engaging puzzles, educational models and more.The enthusiasm and excitement in
- [An inspiring visit from Professor Jamie Blaza](https://heddlelab.org/an-inspiring-visit-from-professor-jamie-blaza/) - On 8th October the CPBM welcomed Professor Jamie Blaza from the University of York to give a seminar and a workshop based on his work with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Jamie’s seminar on “Using Cryo-EM and symmetry expansion to understand how Rubisco is bound together to accelerate carbon fixation” drew a full house and prompted lots
- [Summer 2025 Interns Enrich Research at the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter](https://heddlelab.org/summer-2025-interns-enrich-research-at-the-centre-for-programmable-biological-matter/) - The Centre for Programmable Biological Matter remains deeply committed to training the next generation of scientists. Each summer, we welcome a cohort of enthusiastic interns who bring fresh perspectives and energy to our research environment. This year, we’ve been fortunate to host a diverse group of students from various academic levels and institutions, all eager
- [ Just published! - ‘Mechanistic insight into the pseudouridylation of RNA’](https://heddlelab.org/just-published-mechanistic-insight-into-the-pseudouridylation-of-rna/) - We are proud to share that our Assistant Professor, Ting-Yu Lin, and PhD student, Yasmin Stone, have co-authored a new review article in RNA Biology with Professor Sebastian Glatt from the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology! Titled ‘Mechanistic insight into the pseudouridylation of RNA’, this review explores how pseudouridylation (Ψ), one of the most abundant RNA
- [2025](https://heddlelab.org/2025-2/) - Biela, AD., Nowak, JS., Biela, AP., Mukherjee, S., Moafineja, S., Maiti, S., Chramiec-Glabik, A., Mehta, R., Jezowski, J., Dobosz, S., Dahar, P., Arluison, V., Wien, F., Indyka, P., Rawski, M., Bujnicki, JM., Lin, T., Glatt, S. Determining the effects of pseudouridine incorporation on human tRNAsIn: The EMBO Journal. 2025.PDF download Lukasz Koziej, Farzad Fatehi, Marta
- [Cambridge Researcher visits Durham to sharing advances in DNA Nanotechnology](https://heddlelab.org/cambridge-researcher-visits-durham-to-sharing-advances-in-dna-nanotechnology/) - Durham, June 2025 - The Centre for Programmable Biological Matter (CPBM) at Durham University was delighted to welcome Roger Rubio Sanchez from the University of Cambridge for a research visit and seminar on the 11th of June 2025. Roger presented an engaging talk to members of the Biosciences and Chemistry Departments, titled “A DNA-Nanotechnology Toolkit
- [Centre for Programmable Biological Matter Hosts Inspiring Two-Day Research Away Days ](https://heddlelab.org/centre-for-programmable-biological-matter-hosts-inspiring-two-day-research-away-days/) - Centre for Programmable Biological Matter (CPBM) holds Two-Day Research Away Days - in Durham and Newcastle.
- [XVIII International Congress of the Spanish Biophysical Society 2025](https://heddlelab.org/xviii-international-congress-of-the-spanish-biophysical-society-2025/) - Prof. Jonathan Heddle - Invited Plenary Speaker being held in Granada from 24-27 June 2025.
- [Nanoscience Comes to Life at Palace Green Library Exhibition ](https://heddlelab.org/nanoscience-comes-to-life-at-palace-green-library-exhibition/) - Durham, 20 May 2025 - Visitors to Palace Green Library were treated to a captivating journey into the microscopic world of bionanoscience during a one-day interactive exhibition hosted by the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter. Titled “The Stuff That Dreams Are Made of: Forging Nanomachines from Nature’s Building Blocks,” the event welcomed families, students, and curious minds of
- [The Stuff that Dreams are made of](https://heddlelab.org/the-stuff-that-dreams-are-made-of/) - Forging Nanomachines from Nature's Building Blocks The Centre for Programmable Biological Matter invites you and your families to our one-day-only, interactive exhibition! Join us on May 20th at Palace Green Library. This free event is open to everyone, so feel free to drop in anytime between 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM. What to Expect: We have used our expertise to
- [Researchers Unveil New Protein Cage Design for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems](https://heddlelab.org/researchers-unveil-new-protein-cage-design-for-advanced-drug-delivery-systems/) - Together with our brilliant collaborators at The Malopolska Centre for Biotechnology, Poland, we have developed a highly adaptable artificial protein cage capable of opening and releasing cargo under specific conditions, for instance, low pH, something which is associated with some cancer environments. The innovative cage design is based on a ring-shaped scaffold made of TRAP
- [AMS Professorship Cohort Meeting: A Day of Insightful Discussions and Collaborative Learning](https://heddlelab.org/ams-professorship-cohort-meeting-a-day-of-insightful-discussions-and-collaborative-learning/) - As the hosting professor of the recent AMS Professorship Cohort meeting, I am delighted to share the highlights of our enriching day. We had the pleasure of welcoming esteemed colleagues Simon Johnson from Northumbria University and Giorgio Tasca from Newcastle University. Our day began with lunch, where we enjoyed engaging conversations together with Assistant Professors
- [Exciting News from Our Lab!](https://heddlelab.org/exciting-news-from-our-lab/) - We are thrilled to announce that our lab has been featured in the Global Research News at Durham University for our ground-breaking work in trying to understand antibiotic resistance. This recognition highlights our ongoing efforts and significant strides in combating one of the most pressing challenges in modern medicine. We aim to develop innovative solutions
- [Launch of the 2025 Unano Webinar Series – Bionanotech In Action! ](https://heddlelab.org/launch-of-the-2025-unano-webinar-series-bionanotech-in-action/) - Explore cutting-edge developments in bionanotechology with the new Unano webinar series, Bionanotech in Action. Co-hosted by Durham University and the University of Edinburgh, this monthly series kicks off on the 29th of January, 2025 at 3pm GMT. This series will highlight the extraordinary work of early career researchers in the field, offering insights into recent
- [Team of international scientists uncover new mechanism in bacterial DNA enzyme opening pathways for antibiotic development](https://heddlelab.org/team-of-international-scientists-uncover-new-mechanism-in-bacterial-dna-enzyme-opening-pathways-for-antibiotic-development/) - Image credit: Dmitry Ghilarov
- [New DNA "Bubble Blower" Method Paves the Way for Precise Liposome Production](https://heddlelab.org/new-dna-bubble-blower-method-paves-the-way-for-precise-liposome-production/) - We are pleased to share our latest publication! Synthetically produced liposomes are incredibly valuable research tools that have gained great utility as drug delivery systems. In this breakthrough research, we use DNA origami to create a nanoscale 'bubble blower' tool capable of generating nanometric liposomes. Our innovative bubble blower improves currently available DNA origami liposome
- [NCN OPUS LAP Project](https://heddlelab.org/opus-lap-project-2/) - Our OPUS LAP project, effect of nanoscale, three-dimensional arrangement of proteins on biological and Therapeutic activity (FIT) is made possible thanks to funding from NCN, the National Science Centre, Poland. BackgroundArtificial nanosized cages made from biological molecules have a great deal of promise in a wide range of applications notably in vaccines, where they can
- [Welcome New PhDs to the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter!](https://heddlelab.org/welcome-new-phds-to-the-centre-for-programmable-biological-matter/) - We would like to extend a warm welcome to our new PhD students, Yasmin, Etna, Greg, Will, Julia, and Aby who joined the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter on 1 October 2024. This marks the beginning of an exciting journey filled with discovery, innovation, and academic growth. We are confident that you will contribute significantly
- [Bionano 2024: A Hub for Cutting-Edge Research and Collaboration](https://heddlelab.org/bionano-2024-a-hub-for-cutting-edge-research-and-collaboration/) - Bionano 2024 Speakers
- [Lab Refurbishment Launch Celebrated on 4th September](https://heddlelab.org/lab-refurbishment-launch-celebrated-on-4th-september/) - Lab CG207 in the Chemistry Building
- [Bionano 2024](https://heddlelab.org/bionano/) - 12 & 13 September 2024 Durham UniversityMain Lecture Theatre (MCS0001)Mathematics Building About the Workshop We are holding our fifth bi-annual BIONANO Meeting, but this time in the United Kingdom. This follows the previous highly successful meeting held in Germany in 2022. This year we will be meeting to discuss new ideas and share our progress
- [We have revealed structures of human pseudouridine synthase 3 in a complex with tRNA](https://heddlelab.org/we-have-revealed-structures-of-human-pseudouridine-synthase-3-in-a-complex-with-trna/) - Figure caption Lin and Kleemann et al. explore the molecular mechanisms that drive the specificity of human PUS3 and show that the formation of its homodimer is ultimately necessary for the specific modification of tRNAs. (Artwork by Ting-Yu Lin) During my previous work at Malopolska Centrum Biotechnology in Jagiellonian University (Poland), I worked with Dr.
- [Maestro Project](https://heddlelab.org/maestro-project/) - NCN Maestro Project: Connecting Artificial Protein Cages What is it about? In this project we are interested in developing novel methods connecting together the proteins that make protein cages in the understanding that this in turn will affect the properties of the resulting cages in useful ways. Why is it important? Biological nano-materials, given their
- [CPBM Team Building Event](https://heddlelab.org/cpbm-team-building-event/) - Durham, UK — Our dynamic and innovative research group, recently concluded a successful two-day team building event. The event aimed to foster collaboration, celebrate achievements, and strengthen bonds among team members. Day 1: On-Campus Presentations and Team Building On the first day, Lab members gathered on campus for a series of engaging presentations. Diverse team members
- [Jonathan’s Whirlwind Week in Japan: Symposiums, Seminars and Sushi.](https://heddlelab.org/test-news/) - Tokyo, Japan - Jonathan embarked on a whirlwind week-long journey in Japan. His mission? To attend symposiums, deliver seminars and enjoy the Japanese culture once again! Travelling from Tokyo to Nara was the first stretch of his journey attending the pre- ISBC2924 symposium being held at the Todaiji Culture Centre, Nara. This event was held
- [Team Heddle Enjoys Fun-Filled Afternoon: Lunch and Bowling!](https://heddlelab.org/team-heddle-enjoys-fun-filled-afternoon-lunch-and-bowling/) - In a delightful break from the usual work routine, the Heddle Lab team recently embarked on a memorable outing that combined good food, camaraderie, and a dash of friendly competition. The team started with a quick lunch at The Food Pit in Durham and then headed over to Lane 7 bowling alley. Some were seasoned
- [Durham/Norwich Collaboration](https://heddlelab.org/durham-norwich-collaboration/) - Jonathon Liston joined colleagues in Norwich during the second week of April to express and purify a series of mutants of the enzyme gyrase in part of an ongoing collaboration between the CPBM and the Ghilarov Lab at the John Innes Centre. The proteins are now with us in Durham for assays to be completed
- [2023](https://heddlelab.org/2023-2/) - Stępień P, Świątek S, Robles MYY, Markiewicz-Mizera J, Balakrishnan D, Inaba-Inoue S, De Vries AH, Beis K, Marrink SJ, Heddle JG. CRAFTing Delivery of Membrane Proteins into Protocells using Nanodiscs. In: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023 PDF download Shah SN, Heddle JG, Evans DJ, Lomonossoff GP. Production of Metallic Alloy Nanowires and Particles Templated Using
- [Gyrase Project Test Post](https://heddlelab.org/gyrase-project/) - Test Gyrase post Durham
- [Test](https://heddlelab.org/test/) - Test post on join us page
- [2013 - 2002](https://heddlelab.org/publications/) - Matsubara, K., Malay, A. D., Curtis, F. A. Sharples, G. J., Heddle, J. G. (2013). Structural and functional characterization of the Redβ recombinase from bacteriophage λ. PLOS ONE 8, e78869 [PLOS] Tsukamoto, R., Godonoga, M., Matsuyama, R., Igarashi, M., Heddle, J.G., Samukawa, S. and Yamashita, I. (2013) The effect of PEGylation on Controllably-Spaced Adsorption of Ferritin
- [JUHL-Poland](https://heddlelab.org/juhl-poland/) - Test text for post
- [Artificial Protein - Poland](https://heddlelab.org/artificial-protein-poland/) - Test post Poland
- [Congratulations to Dr. Zuza Pakosz-Stepien – A Journey to Excellence](https://heddlelab.org/congratulations-to-dr-zuza-pakosz-stepien-a-journey-to-excellence/) - In a momentous occasion, Zuza successfully earned her Ph.D. degree, marking the end of years of dedication, hard work and commitment. Behind every successful PhD stands a supportive network of peers and mentors. Heartfelt thanks go to Prof Jonathan Heddle for the time and support given to Zuza to achieve her success. Zuza returned to
- [Artificial Protein - Poland](https://heddlelab.org/artificial-protein-poland-2/) - Test post Poland
- [Designed DNA/Lipids](https://heddlelab.org/fnp-team-project-merging-programmable-dna-nanorobots-and-microfluidics-for-orientationally-controlled-delivery-of-membrane-proteins-to-protocells-poir-04-04-00-00-3cc0-16-00/) - Test post Durham
- [Designed DNA/Lipids - Poland](https://heddlelab.org/designed-dna-lipids-poland/) - Test post Poland
- [2014](https://heddlelab.org/2014-2/) - Nagano, S., Lin, T., Reddy, J., Heddle, J. G. (2014) Unique Features of Apicoplast DNA Gyrases from Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum. BMC Bioinformatics. 15, 416 [Pubmed] Shah, S. & Heddle, J. G. (2014) Squaring up to DNA: pentapeptide repeat proteins and DNA mimicry. Appl. Microbiol. and Biot. 98, 9545-9560 [Springer] Shah, S. N., Shah, S. S.,
- [Our Collaborators](https://heddlelab.org/about-heddle-lab/) - We have many collaborators, some of our active collaborators are listed here (apologies to those we have forgotten!) Mathias Brust Mathias is helping us to use and understand gold nanoparticles Bernard Piette Bernard is involved in mathematical understanding of both self assembled bionano structures and self-replicators. Anne Taormina Anne helps us to understand the mathematical

## Pages

- [Home](https://heddlelab.org/) - OUR MISSION At the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter (CPBM), our mission is to design and build artificial molecular machines with life-like functionality, pushing the boundaries of bionanoscience. We aim to revolutionize medicine, energy, and environmental sustainability by engineering dynamic, programmable systems that exceed the capabilities of nature. With the power to create nucleic acid
- [RNA Modification](https://heddlelab.org/rna-modification/) - Lin Lab RNA modification is a way to expand nucleotide structure diversity to fulfil different functions. In the Lin lab, we study mechanisms on how RNA modifying enzymes select their RNA targets by obtaining cryo-electron microscope structures details. This will be the basis for customised RNA modifications for bioengineering purposes. RNA modification publications: Stone,
- [Designed DNA/Lipids](https://heddlelab.org/designed-dna-lipids/) - Heddle Lab DNA is not just an information storage molecule it is also a highly programmable structural material that can be easily designed to form useful shapes and even programmable robots. In our lab we harness this potential of DNA and combine in with other biomolecules like lipids and protein to produce nanoscale devices capable
- [Join Us](https://heddlelab.org/join-us/) - Join the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter and become part of a team turning imagination into novel future innovations building nanomachines that are biocompatible, biodegradable and capable of carrying out useful tasks that are not seen or even possible in nature. Application Process The link provided under the current available position will direct you to
- [Team Members](https://heddlelab.org/about-us/) - A bright amibtious team working on cutting-edge science across disciplines Bionanomachines are fascinating nanoscale machines made from biological molecules, typically proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA. In nature they carry out an amazing array of tasks from copying your DNA to converting light into energy. In our lab we are interested in understanding, designing and building natural and artificial bionanomachines.
- [Equipment](https://heddlelab.org/equipment/) - To facilitate the world-class research that we do day-to-day at the CPBM we have several pieces of key equipment, from laboratory work horses to the highly specialised analytical instruments. Below we have highlighted some key information on selected pieces of equipment available at the centre which can also be accessed via the UK Institute for
- [Journal Covers](https://heddlelab.org/journal-covers/) - Explore Our Journal Covers Collection Welcome to our gallery of journal covers, where art meets academia. Each cover is a testament to the innovative research and creative design that define our publications. From striking visuals to thought-provoking imagery, our covers not only represent the cutting-edge content within but also celebrates our field of study. Please
- [Research Areas](https://heddlelab.org/research-areas/) - We have a number of exciting and novel research projects based around understanding and designing natural and artificial bionanomachines What are bionanomachines? Bionanomachines abound in nature. They are typified by the proteins that catalyse biological reactions essential to life – the enzymes. Calling an enzyme a machine is really quite accurate, enzymes typically utilise energy
- [Artificial Protein](https://heddlelab.org/artificial-protein/) - Heddle Lab Nature has come up with many different protein folds that have a variety of structural and catalytic functions, but with the advent of AI-based protein design tools, we can create new proteins, previously unseen in nature, with bespoke characteristics and shapes. In our lab, we seek to use both proteins from nature as
- [Gyrase Project](https://heddlelab.org/gyrase/) - Heddle Lab DNA gyrase is a fascinating molecular nanomachine. It is an enzyme with the unique ability to negatively supercoil DNA. ~One of its roles is to remove torsion accumulated ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication. To achieve this, gyrase transiently introduces a double strand cleavage in its substrate DNA to facilitate the
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- [News/Events](https://heddlelab.org/news-and-events/) - Latest News Events Follow @CPBM_heddlelab CPBM - Subscribe to Webinars, Publications, News and Events Subscribe now to receive the latest updates on Webinars, Publications, News and Events tailored for the Bionano community. Don't miss out on cutting-edge research, expert insights, and networking opportunities. Join our vibrant community and stay informed!
- [Privacy Policy](https://heddlelab.org/privacy-policy/) - Who we are We are the Centre for Programmable Biological Matter at Durham University in the United Kingdom. We will only keep data that is submitted to us voluntarily via forms on the website for specific purposes e.g. subscribing to receiving information pertaining to Webinars, Publications or News and Events. Embedded content from other websites
- [Protein Design for Answering Biological Questions](https://heddlelab.org/protein-design/) - Bentham Lab AI-driven protein design tools stand to revolutionise biotechnology and the way we analyse and understand biological systems. In the Bentham lab, we utilise computational protein design and experimental structural biology to guide the bioengineering of staple crops with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our research aims to increase global food security
- [Bionano](https://heddlelab.org/bionano/)
- [Publications](https://heddlelab.org/publications/)
- [OPUS LAP Project](https://heddlelab.org/opus-lap-project/)
- [Maestro Project](https://heddlelab.org/maestro-project/)
- [Contact](https://heddlelab.org/contact/) - Centre for Programmable Biological MatterDepartment of BiosciencesChemistry BuildingDurham UniversityStockton RoadDurhamDH13LE email: heddlelab@durham.ac.uk ///orbit.little.gravel
- [Jagiellonian University Heddle Lab](https://heddlelab.org/jagiellonian-university-heddle-lab/) - Meet the Jagiellonian University Heddle Lab Members Lab Leaders Team Members Projects Gyrase project (NCN OPUS funded)Opus LapMaestro Funding We are grateful to the various bodies who fund our research: The Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyNCN MaestroNCN OPUSNCN OPUS Lap
- [Gyrase Project - Poland](https://heddlelab.org/gyrase-project-poland/) - Research DNA gyrase is a fascinating molecular nanomachine. It is an enzyme with the unique ability to negatively supercoil DNA. While gyrase is not found in human cells it is ubiquitous in prokaryotes and is also found in some eukaryotes. As part of its reaction mechanism, gyrase has to transiently form a double strand cleavage
- [Artificial Protein - Poland](https://heddlelab.org/artificial-protein-poland/) - APP
- [Designed DNA/Lipids - Poland](https://heddlelab.org/designed-dna-lipids-poland/) - FNP TEAM Project “Merging Programmable DNA Nanorobots and Microfluidics for Orientationally Controlled Delivery of Membrane Proteins to Protocells” (POIR.04.04.00-00-3CC0/16-00) Total Award: 5,859,716 PLN, 100 % contribution from the European Regional Development Fund. In our FNP-funded “TEAM” project we are using DNA as a building material to design and build novel nanostructures that will be able to
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